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    • 专利摘要:
    sensors and sensor systems. it is a sensor that includes a resonant transducer, and the resonant transducer is configured to determine the composition of an emulsion. the composition of the emulsion is determined by measuring the complex impedance spectrum values of the emulsion mixture and applying multivariate data analysis to the values.
    公开号:BR112015005324B1
    申请号:R112015005324-6
    申请日:2013-09-10
    公开日:2021-04-06
    发明作者:Cheryl Margaret Surman；Jon Albert Dieringer；Radislav A. Potyrailo；Steven Go；William Chester Platt；William Guy Morris
    申请人:Bl Technologies, Inc.；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] [001] The present invention relates generally to sensors, and more particularly to level sensors for determining the interface level of a multiphase fluid composition. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [0002] [002] Measuring the composition of emulsions and the interface level of immiscible fluids is important in many applications. For example, it is important to characterize emulsions in oil field monitoring. The measurement of the water and oil content of individual oil well emulsions can vary over the life of an oil field and can indicate the overall health of a field. In the case of injection wells, it is essential to control water quality to reduce corrosion and hydrate formation. The characterization of the composition of the oil and water mixture (for example, measurement of the relative proportions of oil and water in the mixture) helps the operator to improve the productivity capacity of the well. The information obtained is also useful for reducing well back pressure, flow line size and complexity and thermal insulation requirements.
    [0003] [003] The characterization of emulsions is also important in the operation of systems that contain fluids in a container (container systems) as fluid processing systems. Container systems can include storage tanks, reactors, separators and desalinators. Container systems are used in many industries and processes, such as the oil and gas processing industries, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, food, among others. For example, the separation of water from crude oil is important for establishing oil and gas production streams. The crude oil that leaves the wellhead is both sulfurous (contains hydrogen sulfide gas) and moist (contains water). The crude oil that leaves the wellhead must be processed and treated to make it economically viable for storage, processing and export. One way to treat crude oil is through the use of a separator. Most separators are gravity driven and use the density differences between individual fluid phases of oil, water, gas, and solids to perform the separation. The identification of the level of interfaces of these layers is fundamental for the control of the separation process. Another fluid processing system in which the characterization of emulsions and measurement of the interface level is important is a desalinizer. Desalinizers are used in a refinery to control top-downstream corrosion. In a desalinator, water and crude oil are mixed, inorganic salts are extracted into the water, and water is then separated and removed.
    [0004] [004] Finally, it is important to accurately characterize the water and salinity in the crude oil itself at various stages of the product's useful life from a cost point of view. Oil is a valuable asset, and underestimating the water content in a typical tanker cargo can have significant cost implications.
    [0005] [005] Wastewater monitoring is another application in which the measurement and characterization of emulsions is important. Large amounts of oily wastewater are generated in the oil industry from both recovery and refinement. A key factor in controlling oil discharge concentrations in wastewater is the improved instrumentation to monitor the oil content of emulsions.
    [0006] [006] Many types of level and interface instruments have been contemplated over the years and a subset of these has been commercialized. Among them are gamma-ray sensors, wave-oriented sensors, magnetic sensors, microwave sensors, ultrasonic sensors, single plate admittance / capacitance sensors, segmented capacitance sensors, inductive sensors and computed tomography sensors. Each of the sensors has advantages and disadvantages. Some of the sensors are prohibitively expensive for many users. Some of the sensors may require a cooling jacket to operate at operating temperatures (above 125 ° C). Some interface instruments require a clear interface to function, which can be problematic when working with diffuse emulsions. Some are susceptible to fouling. Other sensors do not have the ability to provide a profile of the tank, but instead monitor different points in the desalination process. Systems using electrodes are susceptible to a lack of electrodes in high salinity applications and are susceptible to fouling. Finally, many of these systems are complex and difficult to deploy.
    [0007] [007] Some existing sensor systems used individual capacitive elements to measure fluid levels. A key limitation of these sensor systems is the lack of the ability to simultaneously quantify various components in the liquid. Capacitance methods were used to measure the dielectric constant of a liquid using electrodes designed specifically for capacitance measurements. These designs are limited by the need for separate types of electrodes for capacitance measurements and conductivity measurements. Capacitor-inductor circuits were also used to monitor the fluid level in a container using an electromagnetic resonator in which the change in capacitance was related to the fluid level and type of fluid. However, there is a consensus among technicians on the subject that filling the resonator with a conductive liquid increased the inaccuracies and noise in the measurements by about an order of magnitude compared to the values in a non-conductive fluid as in air. However, these methods do not provide accurate measurements of individual analyte concentrations within the limits of their minimum and maximum concentrations in the mixture.
    [0008] [008] With existing sensor systems, no system has the ability to deliver a combination of signal-to-noise ratio, high sensitivity, low cost, high selectivity, high accuracy, and high data acquisition speeds. In addition, no existing system has been described as capable of accurately characterizing or quantifying fluid mixtures when one of the fluids is at a low concentration (ie at its minimum and maximum limits). DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    [0009] [009] The invention provides a technical solution to the problems of cost, reliability and accuracy of existing level sensor systems. An electrically resonant transducer (resonant transducer) provides a combination of signal-to-noise ratio, high sensitivity, low cost, high selectivity, high accuracy and high data acquisition speeds. The resonant transducer is incorporated into a resistant sensor without the need for a clear interface. The solution also provides a sensor that is less susceptible to fouling, particularly in applications involving emulsions.
    [0010] [010] According to one embodiment, the invention relates to a sensor that has a resonant transducer configured to determine an emulsion composition and includes a sampling assembly and an impedance analyzer.
    [0011] [011] In another embodiment, the invention relates to a system that includes a fluid processing system; a fluid sampling assembly and a resonant sensor system coupled to the fluid sampling assembly.
    [0012] [012] In another embodiment, the invention relates to a method for measuring a level of a mixture of fluids in a vessel. The method includes the steps of detecting a signal from a resonant sensor system at a plurality of locations in the vessel; converting each signal into values of the complex impedance spectrum for the plurality of locations; store the values of the complex impedance spectrum and frequency values; and determining a fluid phase inversion point from the values of the complex impedance spectrum.
    [0013] [013] In another embodiment, the invention relates to a method for determining a composition of a mixture of oil and water in a vessel. The method includes the step of determining values of the complex impedance spectrum of the mixture of oil and water as a function of a height in the vessel with a resonant transducer. The method also includes the step of determining a fluid phase inversion point from the values of the complex impedance spectrum; apply an oil phase model to the values of the complex impedance spectrum and conductivity values above the fluid phase inversion point and apply a water phase model to the values of the complex impedance spectrum below the phase inversion point of fluid.
    [0014] [014] In another embodiment, the invention relates to a sensor that comprises a resonant transducer configured to simultaneously determine the concentration of a first and a second component of an emulsion.
    [0015] [015] In another embodiment, the invention relates to a sensor that has a resonant transducer configured to determine an emulsion composition.
    [0016] [016] In another embodiment, the invention relates to a sensor system that has a resonant transducer configured to determine an emulsion composition. The sensor system includes a sampling assembly and an impedance analyzer.
    [0017] [017] In another embodiment, the invention relates to a method for determining a composition of a mixture of a first fluid and a second fluid in a vessel. The determination of the composition is carried out by determining, with a sensor system, a set of complex impedance spectrum values of the mixture of the first fluid and the second fluid as a function of a height in the vessel. The method includes the step of determining a fluid phase inversion point from the set of complex impedance spectrum values. The method also includes the steps of applying a phase model of the first fluid to the set of complex impedance spectrum values. above the fluid phase inversion point and apply a phase model of the second fluid to the set of complex impedance spectrum values below the fluid phase inversion point. Brief Description of the Drawings
    [0018] [018] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following more detailed description of the preferred embodiment, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings that illustrate, by way of example, the principles of certain embodiments of the invention.
    [0019] [019] Figure 1 is a schematic of a non-limiting realization of a resonant sensor system.
    [0020] [020] Figure 2 is a non-limiting illustration of the operation of a resonant transducer.
    [0021] [021] Figure 3 is an example of a measured complex impedance spectrum used for multivariate analysis.
    [0022] [022] Figure 4 illustrates an embodiment of a two-dimensional resonant transducer.
    [0023] [023] Figure 5 illustrates an embodiment of a three-dimensional resonant transducer.
    [0024] [024] Figure 6 is a schematic electrical diagram of the equivalent circuit of a three-dimensional resonant transducer.
    [0025] [025] Figure 7 is a graph that illustrates the Rp response of a resonant transducer to different mixtures of oil and water.
    [0026] [026] Figure 8 is a graph that illustrates the Cp response of a resonant transducer to different mixtures of oil and water.
    [0027] [027] Figure 9 is a partial cropped side view of an embodiment of a resonant transducer assembly.
    [0028] [028] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a fluid processing system.
    [0029] [029] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a desalinizer.
    [0030] [030] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a separator.
    [0031] [031] Figure 13 is a graph that illustrates the frequency response (Fp) of a three-dimensional resonant transducer to increasing concentrations of oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions.
    [0032] [032] Figure 14 is a graph that illustrates the frequency response (Fp) of a two-dimensional resonant transducer to increasing concentrations of oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions.
    [0033] [033] Figure 15 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method for determining the composition of a mixture of oil and water as a function of height.
    [0034] [034] Figure 16 is a graph that illustrates the data used to determine a phase reversal point for fluid and conductivity.
    [0035] [035] Figure 17 is a graph that illustrates the results of an analysis of the experimental data of a realization of a resonant sensor system.
    [0036] [036] Figure 18 is a graph that illustrates test results from a resonant sensor system in a simulated desalinizer.
    [0037] [037] Figure 19 is a realization of a display of a data report from a resonant sensor system.
    [0038] [038] Figure 20 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method for determining the level of a fluid in a vessel.
    [0039] [039] Figure 21 is a block diagram of a representative non-limiting embodiment of a processor system for use in a resonant sensor system. DESCRIPTION OF ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE INVENTION
    [0040] [040] As discussed in detail below, the achievements of the present invention provide low-cost systems for reliably and accurately measuring the fluid level in a fluid processing vessel. A resonant sensor system provides effective and accurate measurement of the transition level or emulsion layer through the use of a resonant transducer, such as an inductor-capacitor-resistor (LCR) multivariable resonant transducer and the application of data analysis multivariate applied to signals from the transducer. The resonant sensor system also provides the ability to determine the composition of mixtures of water and oil, mixtures of oil and water and, where applicable, emulsion capacity.
    [0041] [041] The resonant transducer includes a resonant circuit and a magnetic coil. The electrical response of the resonant transducer immersed in a fluid is translated into simultaneous changes to several parameters. These parameters can include the complex impedance response, peak resonance position, peak width, peak height and peak symmetry of the sensor antenna impedance response, magnitude of the real impedance part, resonant frequency of the imaginary part of the impedance , anti-resonant frequency of the imaginary part of the impedance, zero-reactance frequency, phase angle and magnitude of impedance, and others, as described in the definition of the term "spectral parameters" of sensor. These spectral parameters may change, depending on the dielectric properties of the surrounding fluids. The typical configuration of a resonant transducer can include an LCR resonant circuit and an antenna. The resonant transducer can operate with a magnetic coil connected to the detector reader (impedance analyzer) where the magnetic coil provides excitation of the transducer and detection of the transducer response.The resonant transducer can also operate when the excitation Transducer detection and transducer detection are performed when the transducer is connected directly to the detector reader (impedance analyzer).
    [0042] [042] A resonant transducer offers a combination of high sensitivity, favorable signal-to-noise ratio, high selectivity, high accuracy and high data acquisition speeds in a rugged sensor without the need for optical transparency of the analyzed fluid and flow path measuring Instead of conventional impedance spectroscopy that scans across a wide frequency range (from a fraction of Hz to tens of MHz or GHz), a resonant transducer is used to acquire a spectrum quickly and signaled for loud noise only through of a restricted frequency range. The detection capacity is enhanced by placing the detection region between the electrodes that constitute a resonant circuit. As implanted in a fluid processing system such as a desalinizer or separator, the resonant sensor system can include a sampling assembly and a resonant transducer coupled to the fluid sampling assembly. The resonant sensor system implements a method for measuring the level of a mixture of fluids in a vessel, and can also implement a method for determining the composition of a mixture of oil and water in a vessel. Resonant transducers have the ability to accurately quantify individual analytes at their minimum and maximum limits. The resonant sensor system has the ability to determine the composition of fluid mixtures even when one of the fluids is at a low concentration.
    [0043] [043] A non-limiting example of fluid processing systems includes reactors, chemical reactors, biological reactors, storage vessels, containers, and others known in the art.
    [0044] [044] A schematic of an embodiment of a resonant sensor system 11 is illustrated in Figure 1. The resonant sensor system 11 includes a resonant transducer 12, a sampling assembly 13, and an impedance analyzer (analyzer 15). The analyzer 15 is coupled to a processor 16 as a microcomputer. The data received from the analyzer 15 is processed using multivariate analysis, and the output can be provided through a user interface 17. The analyzer 15 can be an impedance analyzer that measures both the amplitude and the phase properties and correlates the changes in impedance to the physical parameters of interest. The analyzer 15 scans the frequencies over a range of interest (that is, the resonant frequency range of the LCR circuit) and collects the impedance response from the resonant transducer 12.
    [0045] [045] As shown in Figure 2, the resonant transducer 12 includes an antenna 20 arranged on a substrate 22. The resonant transducer can be separated from the local environment with a dielectric layer 21. In some embodiments, the thickness of the dielectric layer 21 can vary from 2 nm to 50 cm, more specifically from 5 nm to 20 cm; and even more specifically from 10 nm to 10 cm. In some embodiments, the resonant transducer 12 may include a detection film deposited on the transducer. In response to environmental parameters, an electromagnetic field 23 can be generated at antenna 20 that extends from the plane of the resonant transducer 12. Electromagnetic field 23 can be affected by the dielectric property of a local environment that provides the opportunity for parameter measurements physicists. The resonant transducer 12 responds to changes in the complex permittivity of the environment. The real part of the fluid complex allowance is called a “dielectric constant.” The imaginary part of the fluid complex permittance is called a “dielectric loss factor.” The imaginary part of the fluid complex allowance is directly proportional. to the conductivity of the fluid.
    [0046] [046] Fluid measurements can be performed using a protective layer that separates the conduction medium from the antenna 20. The response of the resonant transducer 12 to the composition of the fluids may involve changes in the dielectric and dimensional properties of the resonant transducer 12 These changes are related to the analyzed environment that interacts with the resonant transducer 12. The fluid-induced changes in the resonant transducer 12 affect the complex impedance of the antenna circuit through changes in resistance and material capacitance between the antenna turns.
    [0047] [047] For the selective fluid characterization using a resonant transducer 12, the complex impedance spectra of the sensor antenna 20 are measured as shown in Figure 3. At least three emulsion impedance spec data data are measured . The best results can be achieved when at least five data points of the emulsion impedance spectra are measured. Non-limiting examples of various measured data points are 8, 16, 32, 64, 101, 128, 201,256, 501, 512, 901, 1024, 2048 data points. The spectra can be measured as a real part of impedance spectra or an imaginary part of impedance spectra or both parts of impedance spectra. Non-limiting examples of LCR resonant circuit parameters include impedance spectrum, real part of the impedance spectrum, imaginary part of the impedance spectrum, both real and imaginary parts of the impedance spectrum, frequency of the maximum of the real part of the complex impedance (Fp), magnitude of the real part of the complex impedance (Zp), resonant frequency (F1) and its magnitude (Z1) of the imaginary part of the complex impedance and anti-resonant frequency (F2) and its magnitude (Z2) of the imaginary part of the complex impedance .
    [0048] [048] Additional parameters can be extracted from the equivalent circuit response of resonant transducer 12. Non-limiting examples of resonant circuit parameters may include resonance quality factor, zero-reactance frequency, phase angle and magnitude of impedance of the resonant transducer 12 resonance circuit response. The applied multivariate analysis reduces the dimensionality of the resonant transducer 12 multi-variable response to a single data point in the dimensional space for selective quantification of different environmental parameters of interest. Non-limiting examples of multivariate analysis tools are canonical correlation analysis, regression analysis, non-linear regression analysis, principal component analysis, discriminated function analysis, multidimensional scaling, linear discriminated analysis, logistic regression, and / or analysis neural network. Applying multivariate analysis of the complete complex impedance spectra or calculated spectral parameters, quantification of analytes and their mixtures with interference can be performed with a resonant transducer 12. In addition to the measurements of the parameters of complex impedance spectra, it is possible to measure other parameters spectral data related to complex impedance spectra. Examples include, without limitation, S parameters (diffusion parameters) and Y parameters (admittance parameters). Using multivariate analysis of sensor data, it is possible to achieve the simultaneous quantification of multiple parameters of interest with a single resonant transducer 12.
    [0049] [049] A resonant transducer 12 can be defined as a monodimensional, bidimensional, or three-dimensional. A one-dimensional resonant transducer 12 can include two wires when one wire is disposed adjacent to the other wire and can include additional components.
    [0050] [050] A two-dimensional resonant transducer 25 is shown in Figure 4 that has a transducer antenna 27. The two-dimensional resonant transducer 25 is a resonant circuit that includes an LCR circuit. In some embodiments, the two-dimensional resonant transducer 25 can be coated with a detection film 21 applied over the detection region between the electrodes. The transducer antenna 27 may be in the form of a helical wire arranged in a plane. The two-dimensional resonant transducer 25 can be wired or wireless. In some embodiments, the two-dimensional resonant transducer 25 may also include an IC chip 29 coupled to the transducer antenna 27. The IC chip 29 can store manufacturing, user, calibration and / or other data. The IC chip 29 is an integrated circuit device and it includes RF signal modulation circuits that can be manufactured using a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process and a non-volatile memory. Components of RF signal modulation circuits can include a diode rectifier, a power supply voltage controller, a modulator, a demodulator, a clock generator, and other components.
    [0051] [051] Detection is carried out by monitoring changes in the complex impedance spectrum of the two-dimensional resonant transducer 25, as probed by the electromagnetic field 23 generated in the transducer antenna 27. The electromagnetic field 23 generated in the transducer antenna 27 extends to from the plane of the two-dimensional resonant transducer 25 and is affected by the dielectric property of the local environment, providing an opportunity for measurements of physical, chemical, and biological parameters.
    [0052] [052] A three-dimensional resonant transducer 31 is shown in Figure 5. The three-dimensional resonant transducer 31 includes a top winding 33 and a bottom winding 35 coupled to a capacitor 37. The top winding 33 is wrapped around an upper portion a sampling cell 39 and the bottom winding 35 is wrapped around a lower portion of the sampling cell 39. The sampling cell 39 can, for example, be made of a fouling resistant material such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a synthetic tetrafluoroethylene fluoropolymer.
    [0053] [053] The three-dimensional resonant transducer 31 uses the mutual inductance of the top winding 33 to detect the bottom winding 35. An equivalent circuit 41 is illustrated in Figure 6, which includes a current source 43, resistor R0 45, capacitor C0 47 , and inductor L0 49. Equivalent circuit 41 also includes inductor L1 51, resistor R1 53 and capacitor C1 55. The circuit also includes capacitor Cp 57 and resistor Rp 59. The circled portion of equivalent circuit 41 shows a sensitive portion 61 that it is sensitive to the properties of the surrounding test fluid. A typical Rp response and Cp response of the resonant transducer 12 to different mixtures of oil and water are shown in Figures 7 and 8 respectively.
    [0054] [054] The three-dimensional resonant transducer 31 can be shielded as shown in Figure 9. A resonant transducer assembly 63 includes a radio frequency absorber (RF absorber layer 67) that surrounds the sampling cell 39, top winding 33, and bottom winding 35. A spacer 69 can be provided surrounded by a metal shield 71. Metal shield 71 is optional, and is not part of transducer 31. Metal shield 71 allows operation in or near objects and piping metal, reduces noise and creates a stable environment so that any changes in the sensor response are directly due to changes in the test fluid. In order to encapsulate the sensor in a metal shield 71, the RF absorber layer 67 can be placed between the sensor and the metal shield 71. This prevents the RF field from interacting with the metal and compromising the sensor's response . The metal shield 71 can be wound with a cover 73 of suitable material. The RF absorber layer 67 can absorb electromagnetic radiation in different frequency bands with non-limiting examples in the frequency ranges of kilohertz, megahertz, giga-hertz, terahertz, depending on the operating frequency of the transducer 31 and the potential sources of interference. The absorber layer 67 can be a combination of individual layers by the particular frequency bands, so that the combinations of these individual layers provide a broader spectral range of shielding.
    [0055] [055] The encrustation of the resonant sensor system 11 can be reduced by providing the resonant transducer 12 with a geometry that allows the resonant transducer 12 to probe the environment through the sample depth perpendicular to the transducer ranging from 0.1 mm to 1,000 mm. The end processing of the complex impedance spectrum reduces the effects of fouling on the sample depth.
    [0056] [056] As shown in Figure 10, the resonant sensor system 11 can be used to determine the level and composition of fluids in a fluid processing system 111. The fluid processing system 111 includes a vessel 113 with an assembly of sampling 115 and a resonant sensor system 11. The resonant sensor system 11 includes at least one resonant transducer 12 coupled to the sampling assembly 115. The resonant sensor system 11 also includes an analyzer 15 and a processor 16.
    [0057] [057] In operation, a normally immiscible combination of fluids enters the vessel through a raw fluid intake 123. The combination of fluids may include a first fluid and a second fluid normally immiscible with the first fluid. As the fluid combination is processed, the fluid combination is separated into a first fluid layer 117, and a second fluid layer 119. Between the first fluid layer 117 and the second fluid layer 119, there may be an emulsion layer 121. After processing, a first fluid can be extracted by emitting first fluid 125, and a second fluid can be extracted by emitting second fluid 127. The resonant sensor system 11 is used to measure the level of the first fluid 117, second fluid layer 119 and emulsion layer 121. The resonant sensor system 11 can also be used to characterize the content of the first fluid layer 117, the second fluid layer 119 and the emulsion layer 121 .
    [0058] [058] An embodiment of a fluid processing system 111 is a desalinizer 141 illustrated in Figure 11. Desalinizer 141 includes a desalinizer vessel 143. Crude oil enters desalinator 141 through the admission of crude oil 145 and is mixed with water from the water intake 147. The combination of crude oil and water flows through the mixing valve 149 and into the desalination vessel 143. Desalination 141 includes a treated oil emission 151 and a waste water emission 153. They are disposed within from the desalination vessel 143 an oil collection driver 155 and a water collection driver 157. Transformer 159 and transformer 161 supply electricity to the top grid 163 and bottom grid 165. They are disposed between the top grid 163 and the bottom electrical network 165 emulsion distributors 167.
    [0059] [059] In operation, the crude oil mixed with water enters the desalination vessel 143 and the two fluids are mixed and distributed by the emulsion distributors 167, thereby forming an emulsion. The emulsion is kept between the top mains 163 and the bottom mains 165. The water containing salt is separated from the oil / water mixture by passing through the top mains 163 and bottom mains 165 and goes to the bottom of the desalination vessel 143 in which it is collected as waste water.
    [0060] [060] The control of the level of the emulsion capacity and characterization of the contents of the oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions is important in the operation of the desalinizer 141. The determination of the level of the emulsion capacity can be carried out with the use of an assembly sampling as a probe assembly 169 coupled to the desalination vessel 143 and which has at least one resonant transducer 12 disposed over the probe emission conduit 172. The resonant transducer 12 can be coupled to a data collection component 173. In operation , the resonant transducer 12 is used to measure the water and oil level and enable operators to control the process. The probe assembly 169 can be a plurality of tubes open at one end within the desalination vessel 143 with an open end permanently positioned in the desired vertical position or level in the desalination vessel 143 for taking samples of liquid at that level. There are, in general, a plurality of sample tubes in a processing vessel, each with its own sample valve, with the open end of each tube in a different vertical position within the unit, so that liquid samples can be removed from a plurality of vertical positions fixed on the unit. Another approach to allow the level of emulsion capacity is to use a swing arm sampler. A swing arm sampler is a tube with an open end inside desalination vessel 143 typically connected to a sampling valve outside the unit. It includes an assembly used to change the vertical position of the open end of the angled tube in desalinizer 141, rotating it so that liquid samples can be taken (or sampled) from any desired vertical position.
    [0061] [061] Another method for measuring the oil and water level is to have at least one resonant transducer 12 on a 175 measuring rod. A 175 measuring rod can be a rod with a resonant transducer 12 that is inserted into the desalination vessel 143. Measurements are made at several levels. Alternatively, the measuring rod 175 can be a stationary rod that has a plurality of multiplexed resonant transducers 12. Resonant transducer 12 can be coupled to a data collection component 179 that collects data from the various readings for further processing.
    [0062] [062] Another embodiment of a fluid processing system 111 is a separator 191 illustrated in Figure 12. Separator 191 includes a separator vessel 193 that has an inlet conduit 195 for crude oil. The crude oil flowing from the intake duct 195 impacts an inlet diverter 197. The impact of the crude oil on the inlet diverter 197 causes the water particles to start to separate from the crude oil. The crude oil flows into the processing chamber 199 where it is separated into a water layer 201 and an oil layer 203. The crude oil is transported into the processing chamber 199 below the oil / water interface 204. This forces the incoming oil and water mixture to mix with the continuous water phase at the bottom of the vessel and rise through the oil / water interface 20, thereby promoting the precipitation of water droplets that are entrenched in the oil. The water settles at the bottom while the oil rises to the top. The oil is scraped in a spillway 205 where it is collected in an oil chamber 207. Water can be removed from the system through a water emission line 209 which is controlled by a 211 water level control valve. , the oil can be removed from the system through an oil emission line 213 controlled by an oil level control valve 215. The height of the oil / water interface can be detected using a 217 drill assembly that has at least one resonant transducer 12 disposed in a polling emission conduit 218 and coupled to a data processor 221. Alternatively, a measuring rod 223 that has at least one resonant transducer 12 coupled to a processor 227 can be used to determine the oil / water interface level 204. The determined level is used to control the water level control valve 211 to allow water to be withdrawn, so that the oil / water interface is maintained at the height of waited.
    [0063] [063] The following examples are given by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of this invention. A heavy mineral oil, tap water and detergent model system was used to perform static tests for various resonant transducer designs 12. The detergent level was kept constant for all mixtures.
    [0064] [064] Example 1. In the case of the three-dimensional resonant transducer 31 arranged on a swing-arm sampling assembly or bore 13, different oil and water compositions were poured into a sample cell with the three-dimensional resonant transducer 31 wrapped around the side outside the sample cell. Figure 13 shows the swing arm / drill response in terms of Fp (frequency shift from actual impedance) as the oil concentration increases. The calculated limit of detection of the composition of oil in oil in water emulsions (Figure 13 part A) is 0.28% and of oil in water in oil emulsions (Figure 13 part B) is 0.58%.
    [0065] [065] Example 2. In the case of the two-dimensional resonant transducer 25, the two-dimensional resonant transducer 25 was immersed in different oil and water compositions. Figure 14 shows the response of a two-dimensional resonant transducer 25 (2 cm circular) in terms of Fp (frequency shift of the actual impedance) as the oil concentration increases. The calculated limit of detection of the composition of oil in oil in water emulsions (Figure 14 part A) is 0.089% and that of oil in water in oil emulsions (Figure 14 part B) is 0.044%. This example illustrates that small concentrations of one fluid mixed with large concentrations of another fluid can be measured with a high degree of accuracy.
    [0066] [066] Example 3. The model system was loaded with 250 ml of mineral oil and treated with detergent in a concentration of 1 drop per 50 ml (5 drops). The mineral oil was stirred and injected through the sensor and the impedance spectra are recorded. Small additions of water were added with constant salinity and the same detergent treatment. After the volume of water exceeds 66% or 500 ml of water, the system was cleaned and the experiment is repeated with waters of different salinity. The multivariate response of the two-dimensional resonant transducer 25 was sensitive to changes in composition and conductivity at all levels in the test vessel of the model system. Although the effect of conductivity and composition is somewhat resolved, the fact that the sensor monitors a gradient of composition allows the data analysis procedure to evolve these effects.
    [0067] [067] Figure 15 is a generalized process diagram that illustrates a 261 method for determining the composition of a mixture of oil and water as a function of height.
    [0068] [068] In step 263 the data (a set of LCR resonant circuit parameters) is collected as a function of height from top to bottom (in the laboratory, this is simulated starting with 100% oil and adding water gradually) .
    [0069] [069] In step 265 the water conductivity with the use of the calibration is determined. In 100% water, the multivariate response is compared to a calibration for water conductivity.
    [0070] [070] In step 267, the fluid phase inversion point is determined using Z parameters.
    [0071] [071] In step 269 the Z parameters are combined with conductivity and fluid phase data.
    [0072] [072] In step 271 an oil phase model is applied. The oil phase model is a set of values that correlates measured frequency values, impedance values and conductivity values to the oil content in a mixture of oil and water.
    [0073] [073] In step 273 a water phase model is applied. The water phase model is a set of values that correlates measured frequency values, impedance values and conductivity values to the water content in a mixture of water and oil.
    [0074] [074] In step 275, the composition as a height function is determined using the conductivity and the fluid phase inversion point as admission parameters in the multivariate analysis and a report is generated.
    [0075] [075] Figure 16 shows the raw impedance (Zp) data in relation to the frequency (Fp) for a profile that contains 0 to 66% water from right to left. At approximately 8.12 MHz, the water content is high enough (~ 25%) to induce fluid phase inversion of the continuous water-to-oil phase. This is apparent from the drastic change in Zp due to the higher conductivity of the test fluid in the continuous water phase. A continuous oil phase model is applied to any data points to the right of the fluid phase inversion and a water model to the left. In addition, a calibration is applied to the endpoint to determine the conductivity of the water, which in this case was 2.78 mS / cm.
    [0076] [076] Figure 17 shows the results of an analysis of the experiment data from a realization of a three-dimensional resonant sensor system that illustrates the correlation between the actual and predicted oil in water and water in oil values and residual prediction errors based on the model developed. Part A of the graph plots the actual and predicted oil in water values. Part B of the graph plots the actual and predicted water-in-oil values. In part A, the data points were molded separately from the data points in part B (continuous water phase). Parts C and D of the graph plots the residual error between the actual and predicted oil in water and water in oil values respectively. In general, the residual error was less than 0.5% when the actual percentage of oil is between 0% to 60%. The residual error was less than 0.04% when the actual percentage of oil is between 70% to 100%. In fluid phase inversion the residual error increases up to 10% where the prediction capacity is difficult due to fluctuations in the composition of the test fluid in the dynamic test equipment. The prediction capability of the sensor will improve in compositions with> 66% water with more training data.
    [0077] [077] Figure 18 illustrates the results obtained in a simulated desalinizer. The graph shows a profile developed by plotting the composition as a function of time. To simulate the sampling with the use of an oscillating arm that is slowly rotated through the emulsion layer, a test equipment was operated so that the composition of the test fluid was modulated slowly with time by adding small additions of water.
    [0078] [078] Figure 19 is an illustration of the expected level of reporting from the sensor data analysis system. The end user will be shown a plot that displays a representation of the composition as a function of height in the desalinator, the level of fluid phase inversion, and the width of the emulsion layer. On the left are fluid phase indicators (black-oil, gray - continuous oil, hatch - continuous water, white-water) that indicate the percentage height / water curve. The height of the emulsion layer is the sum of the continuous oil and continuous water regions. The level of detail indicated will allow the desalinator operator to optimize the feed rate of chemicals in the process, provide more feedback on the performance of a fluid processing system and highlight process disruptions that can cause damage to the process infrastructure a downstream.
    [0079] [079] A method 281 for measuring the level of a mixture of fluids in a vessel is illustrated in Figure 20.
    [0080] [080] In step 283, method 281 can detect signals (a set of signals) from a resonant sensor system 11 at a plurality of locations in a vessel. The signals are generated by a resonant transducer 12 immersed in the fluid mixture. The resonant transducer 12 generates a set of transducer signals corresponding to changes in dielectric properties of the resonant transducer 12 and the signals are detected by an analyzer 15.
    [0081] [081] In step 285, method 281 can convert the signals into a set of values in the complex impedance spectrum for the plurality of locations. The conversion is performed using multivariate data analysis.
    [0082] [082] In step 287, method 281 can store the values of the complex impedance spectrum.
    [0083] [083] In step 289, method 281 can determine whether a sufficient number of sites have been measured.
    [0084] [084] In step 291, method 281 can change the resonant transducer 12 being read (or the location of the resonant transducer 12) if an insufficient number of sites has been measured.
    [0085] [085] In step 293, method 281 can determine the fluid phase inversion point if a sufficient number of locations have been measured. The fluid phase inversion point is determined from the values of the complex impedance spectrum by identifying a drastic change in the impedance values.
    [0086] [086] In step 295, method 281 can assign a value for the interface level based on the fluid phase inversion point.
    [0087] [087] Figure 21 is a non-limiting example block diagram of an 810 processor system that can be used to deploy the apparatus and methods described in this document. As shown in Figure 21, processor system 810 includes a processor 812 that is coupled to an interconnect bus 814. Processor 812 can be any suitable processor, processing unit or microprocessor. Although not shown in Figure 21, processor system 810 can be a multi-processor system and therefore can include one or more additional processors that are identical or similar to processor 812 and that are communicatively coupled to the interconnect bus 814 .
    [0088] [088] The 812 processor in Figure 21 is coupled to an 818 chipset, which includes an 820 memory controller and an 822 admission / issue controller. As is well known, a chipset typically provides memory and I / 0 management functions. as well as a plurality of general purpose and / or special purpose records, timers, etc. which are accessible or used by one or more processors attached to the 818 chipset. The 820 memory controller performs functions that enable the 812 processor (or processors if there are multiple processors) to access an 824 system memory and an 825 mass storage memory .
    [0089] [089] System memory 824 can include any desired type of volatile and / or non-volatile memory such as, for example, static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), flash memory, memory only reading (ROM), etc. Mass storage memory 825 can include any type of desired mass storage device that includes hard drives, optical drives, tape storage devices, etc.
    [0090] [090] The I / O controller 822 performs functions that enable the 812 processor to communicate with peripheral admission / emission (I / O) devices 826 and 828 and an 830 network interface via an I / O bus 832. I / O devices 826 and 828 can be any type of desired I / O device such as, for example, a keyboard, a video display or monitor, a mouse, etc. The I / O devices 826 and 828 can also be the Network Interface 830 can be, for example, an Ethernet device, an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) device, an 802.11 device, a DSL modem, a cable modem, a cellular modem, etc. that allows the 810 processor system to communicate with another processor system. Data from analyzer 15 can be communicated to processor 812 via I / O bus 832 using the appropriate bus connectors.
    [0091] [091] Although the memory controller 820 and the I / 0 controller 822 are represented in Figure 21 as separate blocks within the 818 chipset, the functions performed by these blocks can be integrated within a single semiconductor circuit or can be deployed with the use of two more separate integrated circuits.
    [0092] [092] Certain achievements include methods, systems and computer program products in any machine-readable medium to implement the functionality described above. Certain achievements can be implemented using an existing computer processor, or by a special purpose computer processor incorporated for this or another purpose or by a wired and / or firmware system, for example. Certain achievements include a computer-readable average for executing or having computer-executable instructions or data structures stored on it. This computer-readable medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer or another machine with a processor. For example, this computer-readable medium may comprise RAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, Flash, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that it can be used to execute or store the desired program code in the form of instructions executable by computer or data structures and which can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer or another machine with a processor. The combinations of the above are also included in the scope of the computer-readable medium. Computer-executable instructions comprise, for example, instructions and data that cause a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, or special-purpose processing machines to perform a particular function or group of functions.
    [0093] [093] In general, instructions executable by computer include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particular types of summary data. The computer executable instructions, associated data structures, and program modules represent examples of program code for executing steps for certain methods and systems disclosed in this document. The particular sequence of these executable instructions or associated data structures represents examples of corresponding actions to implement the functions described in these steps.
    [0094] [094] The achievements of the present invention can be practiced in a networked environment with the use of logical connections to one or more remote computers that have processors. Logical connections can include a local area network (LAN) and a wide area network (WAN) which are presented here by way of example and not limitation. These network environments are commonplace in computer networks across the office or across the enterprise, intranets and the Internet, and can use a wide variety of different communications protocols. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that these network computing environments will typically encompass many types of computer system configurations, which include personal computers, handheld devices, multi-processor systems, programmable or microprocessor-based consumer electronics, network, minicomputers, main computers, and the like. The achievements of the invention can also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by local and remote processing devices that are connected (either by wired links, wireless links, or by a combination of wired or wireless links ) through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules can be located on both local and remote memory storage devices.
    [0095] [095] Monitoring changes in the complex impedance of the circuit and applying the chemometric analysis of the impedance spectra allows the composition and continuous phase of mixtures of oil in water and water in oil to be predicted with a standard error of 0.04% at 0 to 30% water and 0.26% in 30 to 100% water.
    [0096] [096] Multivariate analysis tools in combination with data-rich impedance spectra allow the elimination of interference, and transducers designed for maximum penetration depth lessen the impact of fouling. As the depth of penetration of the resonator is further extended in the volume of the fluid, the surface encrustation becomes less significant.
    [0097] [097] The term "analyte" includes any measured and desired environmental parameters.
    [0098] [098] The term "environmental parameters" is used to refer to measurable environmental variables within or surrounding a manufacturing or monitoring system. Measurable environmental variables comprise at least one of physical, chemical and biological properties and include, without limitation, the measurement of temperature, pressure, material concentration, conductivity, dielectric property, number of dielectric, metallic, chemical, or biological particles in or near the sensor, ionizing radiation dose, and light intensity.
    [0099] [099] The term "fluids" includes gases, vapors, liquids, and solids.
    [0100] [0100] The term "interference" includes any unwanted environmental parameters that undesirably affect the accuracy and precision of measurements with the sensor. The term "interference" refers to a fluid or an environmental parameter (which includes, but is not limited to temperature, pressure, light, etc.) that can potentially reduce an interference response by the sensor.
    [0101] [0101] The term "transducer" means a device that converts one form of energy into another.
    [0102] [0102] The term "sensor" means a device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal that can be read by an observer or an instrument.
    [0103] [0103] The term "multivariate data analysis" means a mathematical procedure that is used to analyze more than one variable of a sensor response variable and to provide information about the type of at least one environmental parameter of the spectral parameters measured sensors and / or to quantify information about the level of at least one environmental parameter of the measured sensor spectral parameters.
    [0104] [0104] The term "resonance impedance" or "impedance" refers to the sensor frequency response measured around the sensor resonance from which the sensor "spectral parameters" are extracted.
    [0105] [0105] The term "spectral parameters" is used to refer to measurable variables in the sensor response. The sensor response is the impedance spectrum of the resonant transducer resonance sensor circuit 12. In addition to measuring the impedance spectrum in the form of Z parameters, S parameters, and other parameters, the impedance spectrum (both real and imaginary parts) can be analyzed simultaneously with the use of various parameters for the analysis, such as the maximum frequency of the real part of the impedance (Fp), the magnitude of the real part of the impedance (Zp), the resonant frequency of the imaginary part of the impedance (F1), and the anti-resonant frequency of the imaginary part of the impedance (F2), magnitude of the signal (Z1) at the resonant frequency of the imaginary part of the impedance (F1), magnitude of signal (Z2) at the anti-resonant frequency of the imaginary part of the impedance (F2), and zero-reactance frequency (Fz), frequency at which the imaginary portion of the impedance is zero). Spectral parameters can be measured simultaneously with the use of the entire impedance spectra. For example, the quality factor of resonance, phase angle, and magnitude of impedance. Collectively, "spectral parameters" calculated from impedance spectra are referred to here as "resources" or "descriptors". The appropriate selection of resources is carried out from all potential resources that can be calculated from the spectra. The multivariable spectral parameters are described in Patent Application under U.S. No. 12 / 118,950 entitled "METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR CALIBRATION OF RFID SENSORS", which is incorporated herein by reference.
    [0106] [0106] The terminology used in this document is for the purpose of describing only particular achievements and is not intended to limit the invention. Where the definition of the terms goes out of the commonly used meaning of the term, the depositor intends to use the definitions provided in this document, unless specifically indicated. The singular forms "one", "one", "o" and "a" are also intended to indicate plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. can be used to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by those terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. The term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. The phrases "coupled to" and "coupled with" include direct or indirect coupling.
    [0107] [0107] This described description uses examples to reveal the invention, which includes the best mode, and also allows any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, which includes producing and using any devices or systems and carrying out any built-in methods. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. These other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements.
    权利要求:
    Claims (13)
    [0001]
    SENSOR, characterized by comprising an electrically three-dimensional resonant transducer (31) composed of a top winding (33) and a bottom winding (35), the bottom winding (35) coupled at opposite ends through a capacitor (37), wherein the top winding (33) provides excitation and detection of the bottom winding (35), wherein a mutual inductance of the top winding (33) is used to detect the bottom winding (35), the mutual inductance used to measure real and imaginary part values of an impedance spectrum of the bottom winding (35) through the capacitor (37) and the top winding (33), the impedance spectrum determined from an electrical response from the bottom winding (35) to the top winding (33) of the three-dimensional electrically resonant transducer (31), while the bottom winding (35) is close to an emulsion and the values measurements of the real and imaginary parts of the impedance spectrum of the bottom winding (35) are each used independently to determine an emulsion composition.
    [0002]
    SENSOR, according to claim 1, characterized by the electronically resonant three-dimensional transducer (31) comprising: - a sampling cell (39), in which the top winding (33) of the electrically three-dimensional resonant transducer (31) is arranged around an upper portion of the sampling cell (39); and - the bottom winding (35) of the three-dimensional electrically resonant transducer (31) is arranged around a lower portion of the sampling cell (39).
    [0003]
    SENSOR according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises a radio frequency absorber (67) arranged around the top winding (33) and the bottom winding (35).
    [0004]
    SENSOR according to claim 3, characterized in that it additionally comprises a metal shield (71) arranged around the radio frequency absorber (67).
    [0005]
    SENSOR according to claim 4, characterized in that it additionally comprises a cover (73) disposed around the metal shield (71).
    [0006]
    SENSOR according to claim 1, characterized by the measured values of the real and imaginary parts of the impedance spectrum, each used independently to determine, simultaneously, a concentration of a first and a second component of an emulsion.
    [0007]
    SENSOR according to claim 6, characterized in that the resonant transducer (31) probes an environment through a sample depth perpendicular to the electronically resonant transducer (31) between 0.1 mm to 1000 mm.
    [0008]
    SENSOR according to claim 7, characterized in that the effects of sensor fouling are reduced by processing an impedance spectrum signal.
    [0009]
    SENSOR, according to claim 7, characterized by the effects of sensor fouling being reduced by transducer geometry related to a depth of penetration of an electric field in the emulsion.
    [0010]
    SENSOR SYSTEM, characterized by understanding: - the sensor, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 9; - a sampling assembly (13); and - an impedance analyzer (15).
    [0011]
    SENSOR SYSTEM, according to claim 10, characterized in that the electronically resonant transducer (31) comprises a resonator configured to measure a set of inductor-capacitor-resistor (LCR) resonant circuit parameters.
    [0012]
    SENSOR SYSTEM, according to claim 11, characterized by the impedance analyzer (15) converting the set of resonant circuit parameters of inductor-capacitor-resistor (LCR) into values of a complex impedance spectrum.
    [0013]
    SENSOR SYSTEM, to determine a composition of a mixture of oil and water in a vessel, characterized by comprising: a subsystem that determines a set of complex impedance spectrum values of the oil at one end of the vessel and the water at the opposite end with an electrically three-dimensional resonant transducer (31) composed of a top winding (33) and a bottom winding ( 35), the bottom winding (35) coupled at opposite ends through a capacitor (37), where the top winding (33) provides excitation and detection of the bottom winding (35), in which a mutual inductance of the winding top (33) is used to detect the bottom winding (35), the mutual inductance used to measure real and imaginary part values of the complex impedance spectrum of the bottom winding (35) through the capacitor (37) and the winding top (33), the complex impedance spectrum determined from an electrical response from the bottom winding (35) to the top winding (33) of the three-dimensional electrically resonant transducer (31) while the bottom winding (35) is close to the oil at one end of the vessel and the water at the opposite end; - a subsystem that generates calibration values for the sensor system for 100% oil and 100% water, respectively; - a subsystem that generates a model from the calibration values; and - a subsystem that applies the model to the set of complex impedance spectrum values to determine the composition of the mixture of oil and water in the vessel.
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    法律状态:
    2018-11-21| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-01-02| B25A| Requested transfer of rights approved|Owner name: BL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. (US) |
    2019-12-10| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2021-02-02| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-04-06| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 10/09/2013, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US13/630,587|US9658178B2|2012-09-28|2012-09-28|Sensor systems for measuring an interface level in a multi-phase fluid composition|
    US13/630,587|2012-09-28|
    PCT/US2013/058932|WO2014051989A1|2012-09-28|2013-09-10|Sensor systems for measuring an interface level in a multi-phase fluid composition|
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